<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 1: TOC 3-1</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693588" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693588" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693588&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Table of Contents 3-1" selectedfileurl=" files/140693588.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693588&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 2: TOC 3-2</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693589" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693589" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693589&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Table of Contents 3-2" selectedfileurl=" files/140693589.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693589&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 3: Fig 3-01</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693533" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693533" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693533&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-01 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in ARIZONA Gallego (D) vs. Lake (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693533.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693533&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 4: Fig 3-02</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693534" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693534" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693534&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-02 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in CALIFORNIA Schiff (D) vs. Garvey (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693534.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693534&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 5: Fig 3-03</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693535" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693535" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693535&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-03 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in CONNECTICUT Murphy (D) vs. Corey (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693535.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693535&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 6: Fig 3-04</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693536" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693536" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693536&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-04 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in DELAWARE Blunt Rochester (D) vs. Hansen (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693536.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693536&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 7: Fig 3-05</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693537" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693537" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693537&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-05 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in FLORIDA Mucarsel-Powell (D) vs. Scott (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693537.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693537&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 8: Fig 3-06</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693538" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693538" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693538&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-06 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in INDIANA McCray (D) vs. Banks (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693538.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693538&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 9: Fig 3-07</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693539" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693539" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693539&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-07 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in MAINE Costello (D) vs. Kouzounas (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693539.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693539&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 10: Fig 3-08</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693540" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693540" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693540&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-08 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in MARYLAND Alsobrooks (D) vs. Hogan (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693540.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693540&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 11: Fig 3-09</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693541" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693541" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693541&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-09 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in MASSACHUSETTS Warren (D) vs. Deaton (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693541.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693541&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 12: Fig 3-10</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693542" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693542" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693542&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-10 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in MICHIGAN Slotkin (D) vs. Rogers (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693542.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693542&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 13: Fig 3-11</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693543" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693543" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693543&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-11 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in MINNESOTA Klobuchar (D) vs. White (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693543.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693543&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 14: Fig 3-12</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693544" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693544" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693544&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-12 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in MISSISSIPPI Pinkins (D) vs. Wicker (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693544.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693544&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 15: Fig 3-13</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693545" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693545" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693545&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-13 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in MISSOURI Kunce (D) vs. Hawley (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693545.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693545&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 16: Fig 3-14</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693546" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693546" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693546&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-14 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in MONTANA Tester (D) vs. Sheehy (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693546.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693546&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 17: Fig 3-15</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693547" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693547" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693547&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-15 Probability Independent Wins Senate Race in NEBRASKA Osborn (I) vs. Fischer (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693547.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693547&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 18: Fig 3-16</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693548" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693548" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693548&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-16 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in NEVADA Rosen (D) vs. Brown (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693548.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693548&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 19: Fig 3-17</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693549" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693549" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693549&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-17 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in NEW JERSEY Kim (D) vs. Bashaw (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693549.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693549&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 20: Fig 3-18</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693550" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693550" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693550&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-18 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in NEW MEXICO Heinrich (D) vs. Domenici (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693550.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693550&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 21: Fig 3-19</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693551" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693551" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693551&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-19 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in NEW YORK Gillibrand (D) vs. Sapraicone (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693551.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693551&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 22: Fig 3-20</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693552" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693552" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693552&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-20 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in NORTH DAKOTA Christiansen (D) vs. Cramer (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693552.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693552&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 23: Fig 3-21</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693553" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693553" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693553&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-21 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in OHIO Brown (D) vs. Moreno (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693553.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693553&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 24: Fig 3-22</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693554" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693554" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693554&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-22 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in PENNSYLVANIA Casey (D) vs. McCormick (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693554.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693554&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 25: Fig 3-23</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693555" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693555" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693555&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-23 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in RHODE ISLAND Whitehouse (D) vs. Morgan (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693555.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693555&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 26: Fig 3-24</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693556" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693556" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693556&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-24 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in TENNESSEE Johnson (D) vs. Blackburn (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693556.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693556&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 27: Fig 3-25</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693557" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693557" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693557&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-25 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in TEXAS Allred (D) vs. Cruz (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693557.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693557&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 28: Fig 3-26</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693558" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693558" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693558&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-26 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in UTAH Gleich (D) vs. Curtis (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693558.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693558&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 29: Fig 3-27</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693559" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693559" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693559&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-27 Probability Independent Wins Senate Race in VERMONT Sanders (I) vs. Malloy (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693559.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693559&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 30: Fig 3-28</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693560" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693560" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693560&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-28 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in VIRGINIA Kaine (D) vs. Cao (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693560.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693560&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 31: Fig 3-29</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693561" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693561" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693561&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-29 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in WASHINGTON Cantwell (D) vs. Garcia (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693561.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693561&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 32: Fig 3-30</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693562" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693562" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693562&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-30 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in WEST VIRGINIA Elliott (D) vs. Justice (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693562.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693562&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 33: Fig 3-31</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693563" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693563" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693563&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-31 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in WISCONSIN Baldwin (D) vs. Hovde (R) from 538.com" selectedfileurl=" files/140693563.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693563&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 34: Fig 3-32</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693564" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693564" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693564&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-32 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in ARIZONA Ruben Gallego (D) vs. Kari Lake (R) from Politics_Polls" selectedfileurl=" files/140693564.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693564&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 35: Fig 3-33</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693565" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693565" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693565&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-33 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in CALIFORNIA Adam Schiff (D) vs. Steve Garvey (R) from Politics_Polls" selectedfileurl=" files/140693565.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693565&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 36: Fig 3-34</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693566" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693566" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693566&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-34 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in FLORIDA Mucarsel-Powell (D) vs. Scott (R-Inc) from Politics_Polls" selectedfileurl=" files/140693566.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693566&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 37: Fig 3-35</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693567" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693567" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693567&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-35 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in MAINE David Costello (D) vs. Demi Kouzounas (R) from Politics_Polls" selectedfileurl=" files/140693567.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693567&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 38: Fig 3-36</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693568" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693568" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693568&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-36 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in MARYLAND Angela Alsobrooks (D) vs. Larry Hogan (R) from Politics_Polls" selectedfileurl=" files/140693568.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693568&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 39: Fig 3-37</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693569" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693569" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693569&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-37 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in MICHIGAN Slotkin (D) vs. Rogers (R) from Politics_Polls" selectedfileurl=" files/140693569.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693569&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 40: Fig 3-38</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693570" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693570" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693570&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-38 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in MINNESOTA Amy Klobuchar (D-Inc) vs. Royce White (R) from Politics_Polls" selectedfileurl=" files/140693570.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693570&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 41: Fig 3-39</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693571" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693571" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693571&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-39 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in MISSISSIPPI Ty Pinkins (D) vs. Roger Wicker (R-Inc) from Politics_Polls" selectedfileurl=" files/140693571.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693571&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 42: Fig 3-40</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693572" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693572" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693572&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-40 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in MISSOURI Lucas Kunce (D) vs. Josh Hawley (R-Inc) from Politics_Polls" selectedfileurl=" files/140693572.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693572&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 43: Fig 3-41</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693573" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693573" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693573&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-41 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in MONTANA Tester (D-Inc) vs. Sheehy (R) from Politics_Polls" selectedfileurl=" files/140693573.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693573&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 44: Fig 3-42</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693574" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693574" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693574&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-42 Probability Independent Wins Senate Race in NEBRASKA Dan Osborn (I) vs. Deb Fischer (R-Inc) from Politics_Polls" selectedfileurl=" files/140693574.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693574&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 45: Fig 3-43</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693575" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693575" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693575&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-43 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in NEVADA Jacky Rosen (D-inc) vs. Sam Brown (R) from Politics_Polls" selectedfileurl=" files/140693575.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693575&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 46: Fig 3-44</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693576" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693576" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693576&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-44 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in NEW JERSEY Kim (D) vs. Bashaw (R) from Politics_Polls" selectedfileurl=" files/140693576.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693576&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 47: Fig 3-45</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693577" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693577" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693577&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-45 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in NEW MEXICO Martin Heinrich (D-Inc) vs. Nella Domenici (R) from Politics_Polls" selectedfileurl=" files/140693577.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693577&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 48: Fig 3-46</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693578" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693578" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693578&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-46 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in NEW YORK Kirsten Gillibrand (D-Inc) vs. Mike Sapraicone (R) from Politics_Poll" selectedfileurl=" files/140693578.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693578&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 49: Fig 3-47</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693579" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693579" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693579&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-47 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in OHIO Sherrod Brown (D-Inc) vs. Matt Dolan (R) from Politics_Polls" selectedfileurl=" files/140693579.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693579&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 50: Fig 3-48</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693580" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693580" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693580&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-48 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in PENNSYLVANIA Casey (D) vs. McCormick (R) from Politics_Polls" selectedfileurl=" files/140693580.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693580&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 51: Fig 3-49</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693581" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693581" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693581&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-49 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in RHODE ISLAND Sheldon Whitehouse (D-Inc) vs. Generic Republican 34) from Politi" selectedfileurl=" files/140693581.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693581&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 52: Fig 3-50</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693582" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693582" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693582&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-50 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in TENNESSEE Gloria Johnson (D) vs. Marsha Blackburn (R-Inc) from Politics_Polls" selectedfileurl=" files/140693582.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693582&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 53: Fig 3-51</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693583" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693583" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693583&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-51 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in TEXAS Colin Allred (D) vs. Ted Cruz (R-Inc) from Politics_Polls" selectedfileurl=" files/140693583.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693583&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 54: Fig 3-52</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693584" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693584" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693584&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-52 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in VIRGINIA Tim Kaine (D-Inc) vs. Hung Cao (R) from Politics_Polls" selectedfileurl=" files/140693584.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693584&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 55: Fig 3-53</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693585" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693585" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693585&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-53 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in WASHINGTON Maria Cantwell (D-Inc) vs. Raul Garcia (R) from Politics_Polls" selectedfileurl=" files/140693585.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693585&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 56: Fig 3-54</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693586" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693586" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693586&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-54 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in WEST VIRGINIA Glenn Elliot (D) vs. Jim Justice (R) from Politics_Polls" selectedfileurl=" files/140693586.png"
mce_src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=2C6E5071B5BE6B277190DD2762862A2C?id=140693586&amp;_dt=1728247285801" /></h2>
<hr />
<p><span class="pagetitle"><strong><font class="pagetitle" size="1">Page 57: Fig 3-55</font></strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<h2><img width="900" title="" assetid="140693587" src="/matrix/servlet/ShowAsset;jsessionid=277C27758754B6EE4090E0AB774C87D5?id=140693587" wspext="{&quot;aid&quot;:&quot;140693587&quot;}" height="615" border="0" alt="Fig 3-55 Probability Democrat Wins Senate Race in WISCONSIN Baldwin (D-Inc) vs. Hovde (R) from Politics_Polls" selectedfileurl=" files/140693587.png"

DEEP DIVE INTO ELECTION 2024 VOTER POLLS - ENTIRELY DATA-DRIVEN

Data updated as of November 4, 2024

Welcome!


This site looks at the election polls in a new way. Each survey result is converted to a single number: the probability that the incumbent party will win. This gives a simple, but very noisy, time series of probabilities to analyze for every race. The first four pages of Volume 1 illustrate the approach: using numerical simulation to find the probability that the difference of two distributions is greater than 0.

In Volume 1 we look under the hood at surveys (by state and national-level) from three web sources: Politics_Polls at twitter.com; 538.com; and realclearpolling.com. The Politics_Polls data also includes state and national betting prices on the election from Polymarket.com. For these it is assumed that the market price of the candidate is the probability of winning.

At the end of each set of state surveys, a summary shows the current expected electoral college counts for three types of estimates - one based on the linear trend projection (P) and two others (L and S) based on locally-weighted regression (LOWESS). The locally-weighted regression line is similar to a moving average used on a stock chart. LOWESS has an adjustable parameter (f) which determines the fraction of the data included in the moving window.

The uncertainty analysis in Volume 2 is based on 2000 iterations sampling from distributions which reflect the error-of-estimation for the probability of winning in the state-by-state data. A section focusing on the battleground states is at the end of Volume 2. Volume 3 shows the 2024 Senate races